Introduction
Achieving maximum capacity while maintaining an acceptable grade of service and good speech quality is the main issue for the network planning. Planning an immature network with a limited number of subscribers is not the real problem. The difficulty is to plan a network that allows future growth and expansion. Wise re-use of site location in the future network structure will save money for the operator.
Various steps involved in planning procedure
Planning means building a network able to provide service to the customers wherever they are. This work can be simplified and structured in certain steps. The steps are
• System requirements
• Define radio planning
• Initial network plan
• Surveys
• Individual site design
• Implementation
• Launch of service
• On-going testing
This process should not be considered just as it is depicted, in a single flow of events. For instance, the radio planning and surveying actions are interlinked in an ongoing iterative process that should ultimately lead to the individual site design.
Planning models
Propagation in land mobile service at frequencies from 300 to 1800MHz is affected in varying degrees by topography, morphography, ground constants and atmospheric conditions. A very common way of propagation loss presentation is the usage of so called propagation curves, normally derived from some measurement formulae are
• Okumara Y. and others, for field strength and its variability in VHF and UHF land Mobile Radio Service.
• Hata. M, Empirical formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Services.
• Cost –207, Digital Land Mobile Radio Communication.
• Cost-231, Urban Transmission Loss for Mobile Radio in the 900 and 1800MHz bands.
Planning tools
Tools are the software packages that help for planning the network. Some of the software packages used in cellular network planning are
• Networking planning system (NPS/X)
• Network measurement system (NMS/X) developed by Nokia
Cellular planning with NPS/X is based on utilization of digitized map and measurement results. The design database includes the parameters of the base stations, antennas, propagation models and system parameters.
The basic package includes:
• Coverage area calculation
• Composite coverage area dominance
• Point to point calculation
• Interference area calculation etc.,
Planning for cellular network
For a well-planned cell network planner should meet the following requirements
• Coverage as required and predicted.
• Co channel and adjacent channel interference levels as predicted for maintaining good quality of service.
• Minimum antenna adjustments during the optimization process.
• Maximum the network capacity (Erl/km2) with limited frequency band (MHz) by reusing the same frequencies.
• Minimum changes to the BSS parameters/database during the optimization phase.
• Facilitate easy expansion of the network with minimal changes in the system.
In general the planning process starts with the inputs from the customer. The customer inputs include customer requirements business plans system characteristics and any other constraints. After the planned system is implemented the assumptions made during the planning process nee to be validated and corrected wherever necessary through an optimization process.
Total planning process can be divided in to four parts
• Capacity Planning
• Coverage Planning
• Parameter Planning
• Optimization
Achieving maximum capacity while maintaining an acceptable grade of service and good speech quality is the main issue for the network planning. Planning an immature network with a limited number of subscribers is not the real problem. The difficulty is to plan a network that allows future growth and expansion. Wise re-use of site location in the future network structure will save money for the operator.
Various steps involved in planning procedure
Planning means building a network able to provide service to the customers wherever they are. This work can be simplified and structured in certain steps. The steps are
• System requirements
• Define radio planning
• Initial network plan
• Surveys
• Individual site design
• Implementation
• Launch of service
• On-going testing
This process should not be considered just as it is depicted, in a single flow of events. For instance, the radio planning and surveying actions are interlinked in an ongoing iterative process that should ultimately lead to the individual site design.
Planning models
Propagation in land mobile service at frequencies from 300 to 1800MHz is affected in varying degrees by topography, morphography, ground constants and atmospheric conditions. A very common way of propagation loss presentation is the usage of so called propagation curves, normally derived from some measurement formulae are
• Okumara Y. and others, for field strength and its variability in VHF and UHF land Mobile Radio Service.
• Hata. M, Empirical formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Services.
• Cost –207, Digital Land Mobile Radio Communication.
• Cost-231, Urban Transmission Loss for Mobile Radio in the 900 and 1800MHz bands.
Planning tools
Tools are the software packages that help for planning the network. Some of the software packages used in cellular network planning are
• Networking planning system (NPS/X)
• Network measurement system (NMS/X) developed by Nokia
Cellular planning with NPS/X is based on utilization of digitized map and measurement results. The design database includes the parameters of the base stations, antennas, propagation models and system parameters.
The basic package includes:
• Coverage area calculation
• Composite coverage area dominance
• Point to point calculation
• Interference area calculation etc.,
Planning for cellular network
For a well-planned cell network planner should meet the following requirements
• Coverage as required and predicted.
• Co channel and adjacent channel interference levels as predicted for maintaining good quality of service.
• Minimum antenna adjustments during the optimization process.
• Maximum the network capacity (Erl/km2) with limited frequency band (MHz) by reusing the same frequencies.
• Minimum changes to the BSS parameters/database during the optimization phase.
• Facilitate easy expansion of the network with minimal changes in the system.
In general the planning process starts with the inputs from the customer. The customer inputs include customer requirements business plans system characteristics and any other constraints. After the planned system is implemented the assumptions made during the planning process nee to be validated and corrected wherever necessary through an optimization process.
Total planning process can be divided in to four parts
• Capacity Planning
• Coverage Planning
• Parameter Planning
• Optimization
OPTIMIZATION PROCESS
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